For an intake team in Arizona, a UnitedHealthcare card means three layers at once: the carrier's national clinical policy, Arizona's autism insurance mandate (Steven's Law, its dollar caps freshly repealed by SB 1590), and the plan's funding type deciding which of the two actually binds. This guide stacks them in order — and UHC is the one national carrier whose Optum criteria carry an explicit Arizona commercial entry.
UnitedHealthcare administers ABA through Optum Behavioral Health as a two-step authorization on the Provider Express portal — assessment authorized first, then treatment — under Optum's Supplemental Clinical Criteria, with continued-service reviews every 4–6 months. That clinical policy is national — what changes in Arizona is the legal floor underneath it: the state mandate below governs what fully-insured group plans must cover, while self-funded employer plans answer to ERISA and federal parity instead. Plan funding type is therefore the first fact to establish on every benefits check. The full national policy breakdown lives in our UnitedHealthcare / Optum guide; this page covers what changes in Arizona.[1]
Steven's Law (HB 2847, 2008) lives in four parallel sections of the insurance code — A.R.S. §§ 20-826.04, 20-1057.11, 20-1402.03, and 20-1404.03 — covering state-regulated group coverage: large-group contracts, HMO plans, and group and blanket disability policies. Plans may not deny or limit treatment based solely on an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, and may not exclude medically necessary behavioral therapy, which the statute defines to include ABA (discrete trial training, pivotal response training, intensive behavioral intervention), delivered or supervised by a licensed or certified provider. The headline change: SB 1590 (signed May 7, 2025) struck the dollar-cap subsection from all four sections — the old $50,000/year (under age 9) and $25,000/year (ages 9–16) behavioral-therapy maximums are repealed, taking the statute's only age tiers with them, and the ASD definition now tracks the current DSM. No annual dollar ceiling remains on any state-regulated group plan (federal parity had already made the caps largely unenforceable; SB 1590 cleaned the statute to match — do not treat the old $50K/$25K numbers as current). Exemptions: policies issued to an individual or small employer (those reach ABA via the ACA EHB benchmark instead), limited-benefit coverage, and self-funded ERISA plans. Ordinary cost sharing is still permitted.[3][4][5]
Arizona has its own entry in Optum's ABA State Mandates supplemental criteria (BH803ABASTM12026, effective January 2026): for Arizona commercial plans, Optum operationalizes SB 1590 — the repeal of the maximum benefit limits for members 16 and under and the DSM-based ASD definition. In practice that means Optum's own criteria document already reflects the cap repeal, so a UM conversation that cites the old $50K/$25K numbers is out of date on both the statute and the carrier's paperwork.[2]
A family saying "we have UnitedHealthcare" in Arizona may actually be on the carrier's Medicaid plan — UnitedHealthcare Community Plan of Arizona, which is both an ACC plan and one of the two statewide DDD Health Plans ("DD by UHCCP"), with ABA administered by Optum under AHCCCS rules: no autism diagnosis required, no PA on 97151/97152, its own AZ treatment-request forms. Verify which line of business the card belongs to, and use the dedicated guide for the Medicaid plan.[7]
Arizona requires a state license to practice behavior analysis — A.R.S. § 32-2091, administered by the Arizona Board of Psychologist Examiners (behavior analysts sit under the psychology board, not a standalone board) — and BCBA certification alone is not sufficient; AHCCCS itself defines "Behavior Analyst" as a person licensed under § 32-2091. On rates: UnitedHealthcare does not publish commercial ABA fee schedules for Arizona (none of the national carriers do) — rates are contract-negotiated and live in your participating-provider agreement. Benchmark against the AHCCCS fee schedule (97153 at $17.91–$23.69 per 15-minute unit by credential tier), remembering the ABA codes live on the AHCCCS physician fee schedule, not the behavioral-health one.[6][8]
UnitedHealthcare does not publish a commercial ABA rate table; Optum administers the behavioral health benefit and pays under your participation agreement. Optum’s Telehealth Billing guide (September 2025) tells providers that “participating (contracted) network providers should use the applicable CPT code(s) listed on their fee schedule,” and that payment “may also be subject to benefit plan provisions and prior authorization requirements.” Optum’s commercial ABA reimbursement policy (2022RP501A) sets how the claim is built rather than the price: 97151–97158 with a credential modifier (HM for an RBT, HN for a BCaBA, and so on), 15-minute units counted the CMS way, and indirect work “bundled with direct services for consideration of reimbursement.” For rates, ask Optum network management or check your agreement.[11][9]
Arizona licenses the practice: “A person who wishes to practice as a behavior analyst must be licensed pursuant to this article” (A.R.S. § 32-2091.02, Board of Psychologist Examiners), and practicing unlicensed is a class 2 misdemeanor (§ 32-2091.12). Arizona is unusual in giving out-of-state clinicians a telehealth-only route: under A.R.S. § 36-3606 a health care provider “who is not licensed in this state may provide telehealth services to a person located in this state” after registering with the board that licenses the comparable profession, holding “a current, valid and unrestricted license to practice in another state that is substantially similar,” carrying malpractice coverage that includes Arizona telehealth, and following Arizona’s scope and standard-of-care rules. Behavior analysts are licensed under Title 32, chapter 19.1, which § 36-3601 includes in the definition of “health care provider.” A registered provider may not open an Arizona office (except within a multistate group that includes an Arizona-licensed provider) or see Arizona patients in person without an Arizona license. Fewer than ten telehealth encounters a year, or care in consultation with an Arizona-licensed provider who keeps ultimate authority, is exempt from registration.[13][14][15][16][18]
Optum, which runs UnitedHealthcare’s commercial behavioral network, is explicit. Its National Network Manual (effective September 1, 2026): “Providers offering telehealth visits must be licensed in the state where the member is located at the time of service. In addition, providers must comply with all licensing laws and telehealth regulations in the jurisdiction(s) where the provider is licensed and where the member is receiving treatment.” For a child located in Arizona, that means an Arizona license before the first remote session.[13][14][15][16][18]
UnitedHealthcare’s ABA benefit is managed by Optum Behavioral Health, whose National Network Manual (effective September 1, 2026) requires everything needed to process a claim to reach Optum “no more than 90 calendar days from the date of service, or as allowed by state or federal law or the member’s specific benefit plan,” with corrections within 90 days of first receipt. Clean, authorized claims are “generally” paid within 45 calendar days of receipt or as state or federal law requires. Disputes run in two steps — reconsideration, then appeal — with 12 months in total for both unless state law or your participation agreement sets a different deadline.[18]
Arizona’s prompt-pay statute, A.R.S. § 20-3102, requires a health care insurer to adjudicate a clean claim “within thirty days after the health care insurer receives the clean claim or within the time period specified by contract,” and, absent a written contract setting a different period, to pay the approved portion within thirty days after adjudication; late payment carries interest at the legal rate. If the claim is not clean, the insurer must ask for the missing information in writing within thirty days and then adjudicate within thirty days of receiving it. Neither side may reopen a paid or denied claim more than one year after the insurer paid or denied it, except for fraud (§ 20-3102(J)). These statutes bind fully insured plans issued in the state; a self-funded employer plan (ERISA) is not subject to them and follows its plan documents and your contract.[17]
Not for ABA. Optum, which manages UnitedHealthcare’s behavioral benefit, says in its National Network Manual (effective September 1, 2026) that a claim must carry the coding (ICD diagnosis, CPT/HCPCS and modifiers), the member ID number, customary charges, and the provider’s TIN and NPI. Paper Form 1500 claims add the member and subscriber names and dates of birth, the length of session, the type and duration of service, and the clinician’s name, credentials, Tax ID and NPI. A referring provider is not on either list.[18][19]
UnitedHealthcare’s 2026 administrative guide requires the referring provider’s name and NPI only on laboratory, DME, imaging and home health claims. For every other claim, it requires “a valid billing NPI, rendering NPI and relevant taxonomy code(s)” and says “we encourage you to submit the referring health care provider’s NPI.” In short, the referring NPI is optional on an ABA claim, and leaving it off is not a denial reason under either document.[18][19]
The questions that decide whether a family can start with UnitedHealthcare / Optum in Arizona, and what they have to bring. Each maps onto something intake should ask on the first call.
Optum's Supplemental Clinical Criteria set no recency clock on the ASD diagnosis. What they require instead is current assessment: the comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and functional assessment "form the basis for the treatment plan," baseline skills and norm-referenced measures must reflect the individual's "specific and current abilities," and continued coverage rides on documentation of movement from baseline at each 4–6 month review.[1]
"A valid diagnosis of ASD (or other applicable diagnosis as required by governing laws) must be issued by a state licensed physician, psychologist, or other state licensed clinician qualified to make such diagnosis according to the diagnostic criteria based on the DSM-5-TR." The diagnosing clinician must also confirm and document the severity level.[1]
The DSM-5-TR diagnosis and severity level must be "confirmed and documented by the diagnosing clinician using at least one clinically validated tool," on a three-tier list: first-level screening (ABC, CHAT/M-CHAT, CSBS-DP-IT Checklist, ASQ, AQ, CAST), second-level screening (CARS/CARS-2, RITA-T, STAT) and formal diagnostic tools used in a comprehensive evaluation (ADI-R, ADOS/ADOS-2, DISCO). Treatment intensity must then be set against at least one validated measurement tool — ATEC, VB-MAPP, ABLLS/ABLLS-R, AFLS, PEAK, SSIS, RBS-R, SRS, VABS or CFQL-2.[1]
No physician referral or order is required. The front door is Optum's two-step authorization on Provider Express — "Prior authorization is required for ABA (unless otherwise specified or mandated by contract or law)" — with the diagnosis, the credentialed ABA provider and the assessment package standing in for a referral.[1]
Three codes, after an attestation. Optum’s Telehealth Billing guide (updated September 2025) is explicit for commercial plans: “For ABA services, telehealth is only allowed for these 3 CPT codes: 97155, 97156 or 97157” — virtual supervision of technicians and family training — so technician-delivered 97153 is not payable by telehealth. The provider must first be “an approved Optum virtual visits provider who has attested” (the virtual-visits attestation on Provider Express) and must tell the ABA Care Advocate at authorization. Bill the in-person code with the member’s location as the place of service: POS 10 when the member is at home, POS 02 anywhere else (the older ABA CPT FAQ says POS 02; the 2025 guide requires one of the two on every behavioral-health telehealth claim, and POS 11 or a telehealth modifier alone is not paid). Optum’s criteria add that telehealth is “not intended to supplant in-person service.” Because only 97155, 97156 and 97157 are allowed by telehealth on commercial plans, the 97151 assessment and 97152 supporting assessment must be done in person, while remote BCBA direction of the technician (97155) is allowed.[11][10][1]
Steven's Law now carries no explicit age limit: SB 1590 (signed May 7, 2025) struck the dollar-cap subsection from all four sections of the mandate, and the age tiers — under 9, and 9 through 16 — lived inside that subsection. Optum's own state-mandate entry describes the change as repealing "the maximum benefit limitations for behavioral therapy coverage for eligible persons who are 16 years old and younger." The carrier's national ABA policy adds no age bound of its own, so age comes from the benefit document, not the statute. Optum operationalises this in its own ABA State Mandates supplement, which carries an explicit Arizona Commercial entry.[3][4][1][2]
Ask the plan: Benefits verification on the specific plan — funding type first, then the ABA benefit terms.
UHC’s 2026 commercial administrative guide says standard requests take "up to 15 calendar days" and expedited "72 hours", and asks for requests "at least 15 calendar days in advance, if possible, but must be submitted at least 5 business days before the planned service date"; ABA itself is authorized by Optum Behavioral Health, whose network manual publishes no prospective decision clock (retrospective requests are decided within 30 calendar days). So the governing clock depends on funding. For a fully insured plan issued in Arizona, A.R.S. § 20-3404 governs: urgent requests "not later than five days after the receipt of all necessary information", non-urgent "not later than fourteen days after receipt of all necessary information", with the same five/fourteen days again after the provider completes an incomplete request — and "A prior authorization request is deemed granted if a health care services plan or its utilization review agent fails to comply with the deadlines." A granted authorization cannot be rescinded after services are rendered in good faith, absent fraud. A self-funded employer plan sits outside state law and follows ERISA: a non-urgent pre-service decision "not later than 15 days after receipt of the claim by the plan", extendable once by up to 15 days; an urgent one within 72 hours; the clock starts when the request is filed, whether or not it is complete; and an urgent request to extend an approved course is decided within 24 hours if made "at least 24 hours prior to the expiration" of the current authorization.[19][18][20][21]
Ask the plan: At benefits verification, ask whether the plan is fully insured (a policy issued in the state) or a self-funded employer (ERISA) plan — that decides which clock applies — then ask the carrier’s behavioral health precert line its expected ABA turnaround and how early it wants the reauth.
Arizona’s COB rule for group plans (A.A.C. R20-6-214) sets the order: the plan covering the person other than as a dependent pays first; for a dependent child, "The plan of a parent whose birthday occurs earlier in a calendar year shall cover a dependent child before" the other parent’s plan (month and day only); for separated or divorced parents, the custodial parent’s plan, then the custodial parent’s spouse’s, then the non-custodial parent’s, unless a court decree the plan knows of says otherwise. Self-funded plans follow their own plan document. UHC says "COB is administered according to the member's benefit plan and in accordance with law"; Optum’s network manual tells providers to determine other coverage, "bill the primary insurance carrier first, then notify Optum of your findings," and says it applies industry-standard COB rules and state law. Government coverage sorts itself by federal rule: a commercial plan pays before TRICARE, which is secondary to every other health plan but "In any double coverage situation involving Medicaid, CHAMPUS is always the primary payer"; CHAMPVA "is the last payer to OHI"; and Medicaid pays after all of them (42 CFR 433.139), so a child with commercial plus Medicaid needs this plan’s authorization and EOB before Medicaid will pay.[22][19][18][23][24][25]
Ask the plan: Collect both parents’ plans, dates of birth, and any custody decree at intake; confirm primary/secondary with each carrier’s COB unit (and whether the plan is self-funded) before the first claim.
Coverage decides whether UnitedHealthcare / Optum in Arizona pays. These decide whether the claim survives: how sessions must be staffed and supervised, what may be billed concurrently, the per-day ceilings, who signs the note, where the service is payable, and whose NPI the claim goes out under.
Two numbers, from two documents. Clinically, "consistent with CASP standards of care, direct case supervision is required 1–2 hours for every 10 hours of direct treatment per week," with technicians under the supervision of a BCBA or licensed behavioral health clinician and parents discouraged from serving as their own child's RBT. On the claim side, the commercial reimbursement policy polices the boundary rather than a ratio: "CPT codes 97153 and 97155 may not be billed for technician training," and 97155 "should be reported only for services where the QHP is either engaged directly with the patient or is directing a technician in implementing a modified protocol with the patient" — treatment planning is indirect and not separately reimbursable.[1][9]
Yes, with a single-provider exclusion. "Can I report 97153 or 97154 with 97155 concurrently? A. Yes, as long as the criteria in the descriptors of both codes are met. A single QHP may not report 97153 or 97154 with 97155 concurrently." So the concurrency has to be two people — technician on 97153, analyst on 97155 directing them with the patient present. Separately, 97155 and 97156 may both pay on the same date of service only if the services are separate, distinct and clearly documented in the progress notes.[9]
Optum publishes its own per-day table on top of CMS MUEs — maximum frequency per day: 97151 32 units (8 hrs), 97152 16 (4 hrs), 97153 32 (8 hrs), 97154 18 (4.5 hrs), 97155 24 (6 hrs), 97156 16 (4 hrs), 97157 16 (4 hrs), 97158 16 (4 hrs), 0362T 16 (4 hrs), 0373T 32 (8 hrs). MUEs otherwise apply per CMS guidance, and billing above 32 units/day of 97153 "may be subject to non-reimbursement or recovery."[9]
“Provider signature is required on progress notes. Parent/guardian signatures are not required on progress notes” (Optum ABA CPT FAQ). Each daily session note records place of service, start and stop time, who rendered the service, the specific service, who attended and the interventions. Optum’s ABA documentation protocol (June 1, 2026) requires the “signature of the rendering provider” and “Legible identity of the rendering provider with credentials,” and “The date of signature must reflect the date the note is finalized” — a note signed after the date of service must follow late-entry rules and show the date it was signed. Same-date services must be “separate, distinct, and clearly documented in the progress notes,” or the claim may be denied.[10][12][9]
One provider-level modifier per line, matching whoever actually rendered the service: HM = Registered Behavior Technician (less than bachelor's level), HN = BCaBA (bachelor's level), HO = BCBA or master's-level licensed clinician, HP = BCBA-D or doctoral-level licensed clinician. A billable ABA-supervisor service is billed with the applicable CPT code plus HO. Stacking level modifiers is a denial risk: "Billing multiple provider-level modifiers (HN, HM, HO, HP) on the same service line same service and same DOS is not appropriate and may result in claim denial."[9]
No POS code list is published. The clinical criteria draw the school line instead: ABA is not covered for "services that are not ABA therapy, such as 1:1 aid delivered simultaneously during classroom instruction, or services covered under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)," while "school ABA services do allow for coordination of services and would cover services such as teacher training, meetings with school personnel, and observations in the school setting."[1]
Ask the plan: UnitedHealthcare/Optum provider services and the member's benefit document.
Yes — under Optum's national two-step authorization policy for ASD, layered on Steven's Law for state-regulated group plans. Self-funded employer plans are exempt from the mandate, so always verify plan funding type first.
No — SB 1590 (signed May 7, 2025) repealed the $50,000/$25,000 annual caps, and Optum's own Arizona state-mandate entry (effective January 2026) already reflects the repeal. No annual dollar ceiling remains on any state-regulated group plan.
There is no public one. Optum tells participating providers to bill “the applicable CPT code(s) listed on their fee schedule,” meaning the schedule in your Optum agreement, with payment subject to the member’s benefits and prior authorization. Ask Optum network management for rates.
Optum, which manages UnitedHealthcare’s behavioral health benefits, says “At a minimum, most treatment reviews are required every 4-6 months depending on the account/state law.” Call in the continued-care request “no more than 30 days prior to the current approvals on file expiring,” with updated progress data measured the same way as baseline and updated standardized measures. There is no fixed reassessment frequency (“There is no required frequency at which an assessment must take place”) — ask for reassessment hours inside the treatment request. If more hours are needed mid-authorization, call the ABA team with a clinical rationale.
Arizona requires a license (A.R.S. § 32-2091.02) but lets an out-of-state provider deliver telehealth after registering under A.R.S. § 36-3606. Optum (UnitedHealthcare): “Providers offering telehealth visits must be licensed in the state where the member is located at the time of service.”
Optum Behavioral Health, which manages UnitedHealthcare’s ABA benefit, requires claims within 90 calendar days of the date of service unless state or federal law or the member’s plan allows longer (National Network Manual, effective September 1, 2026).
Arizona law (A.R.S. § 20-3102) gives a fully insured plan 30 days from receipt to adjudicate a clean claim and, unless your contract says otherwise, 30 more days to pay the approved amount, with interest at the legal rate after that. Self-funded employer plans are not bound by the statute.
No. Optum’s claim requirements do not include a referring provider. UnitedHealthcare makes the referring name and NPI mandatory only for lab, DME, imaging and home health claims. For other claims it encourages the referring NPI but does not require it.
Payer policies change frequently and vary by plan, state, and funding type. This guide was compiled from the sources above and last reviewed October 2026; it is general information, not billing, legal, or clinical advice. Always verify current requirements against the payer's live policy and a benefits check for the specific member.
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